Biogeography
Biogeography is a science that is concerned with the study of the laws (and specificities) of the distribution of the individual species of organisms and the individual groups of organisms on the Earth. The presence or absence of species in a certain territory is explained in terms of differences in local conditions, the manner of migration (relocation in space from generation to generation) of the members of the individual species, changes in the spatial distribution of land on the globe and adaptive radiation of species at a particular site.