XIII.2.5 The search for a mate is energy- and time-intensive and often a rather risky matter for many organisms

Sexual reproduction entails additional, less obvious disadvantages.It very frequently requires mutual contact between individuals of the same species, at least through the gamete, where active motion is usually a matter requiring substantial expenditure of energy.In plants, it is assumed at the least that energy will be invested in construction of frequently very complicated reproductive organs.In addition, during mutual searching, animals are frequently more in danger of attack by predators (Rowe 1994).

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The classical Darwinian theory of evolution can explain the evolution of adaptive traits only in asexual organisms. The frozen plasticity theory is much more general: It can also explain the origin and evolution of adaptive traits in both asexual and sexual organisms Read more
Draft translation from: Evoluční biologie, 2. vydání (Evolutionary biology, 2nd edition), J. Flegr, Academia Prague 2009. The translation was not done by biologist, therefore any suggestion concerning proper scientific terminology and language usage are highly welcomed. You can send your comments to flegratcesnet [dot] cz. Thank you.