Frozen Evolution. Or, that’s not the way it is, Mr. Darwin. A Farewell to Selfish Gene.

A number of hypotheses explaining the evolutionary importance of sexual reproduction consider its positive effect on the inclusive fitness of an organism (see XIII.3.2.2).These encompass, for example, the elbow room hypothesis, the lottery model and themodel of negative fitness inheritance.It is apparent that, in all these cases, the existence of mating types positively affects the effectiveness and advantageousness of sexual reproduction for increasing the inclusive fitness of the individual.

            However, the importance of these models should not be overestimated.Their effect can be important only under quite specific ecological conditions and thus they can apparently have a decisive effect on the preservation of sexual reproduction and all the related phenomena only in some groups of organisms.